 InternationalLabour Office |
|
 Bureau
forWorkers' Activities |
|
|
|
HOURLY COMPENSATION
COSTS FOR PRODUCTION WORKERS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 84 79 78 85 93 99 103 106 103 93 89
MEXICO .. .. 10 7 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14
HONG KONG (1) 11 12 12 13 14 16 18 17 20 24 26 25
ISRAEL 35 38 32 41 48 57 58 63 60 60 57 58
JAPAN 47 49 48 69 79 89 86 84 92 102 117 128
KOREA 5 10 10 11 13 17 23 26 31 34 35 36
SINGAPORE 12 20 19 17 18 20 23 26 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 6 11 12 13 18 21 24 25 27 30 29 31
AUSTRIA (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
BELGIUM 99 70 71 95 114 114 107 127 127 137 130 139
DENMARK 89 61 60 80 103 102 96 114 111 121 112 ..
FINLAND 69 56 58 75 90 101 109 130 125 114 91 103
FRANCE 67 56 56 75 88 90 84 99 96 104 97 101
GERMANY (1) 92 68 67 92 115 120 113 134 133 145 141 146
GREECE 26 31 29 32 37 40 41 47 47 50 45 48
IRELAND (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
ITALY 70 58 58 77 94 98 99 117 119 122 97 97
NETHERLANDS 97 62 60 82 101 103 95 113 108 118 113 ..
PORTUGAL 26 12 12 15 19 20 21 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 60 74 77 82 69 69
SWEDEN 108 69 70 89 106 115 116 135 136 147 103 108
SWITZERLAND (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
UNITED KINGDOM 47 44 43 52 60 68 66 76 78 80 67 70
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: GENERALLY INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE EXCEPT FOR THE UNITED
STATES, CANADA, JAPAN, & TAIWAN, WHICH INCLUDE METAL FURNITURE IN
FURNITURE & FIXTURES MANUFACTURING (US SIC 25).
HONG KONG: HARDWARE, METAL WRISTWATCH BANDS, & METAL PRODUCTS NEC.
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING INSTRUMENTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
IRELAND: INCLUDING FOUNDRY PRODUCTS.
SPAIN: INCLUDING FOUNDRY PRODUCTS.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.60 12.84 13.24 13.51 13.77 14.17 14.59 15.10 15.76 16.13 16.49 16.65
CANADA .. 10.76 10.48 10.57 11.69 13.15 14.48 15.55 16.70 16.68 15.38 14.76
MEXICO .. .. 1.37 .92 .88 1.04 1.23 1.35 1.54 1.89 2.15 2.32
HONG KONG (1) .75 1.49 1.65 1.78 1.95 2.24 2.61 2.64 3.08 3.81 4.27 4.11
ISRAEL 2.32 4.85 4.28 5.48 6.60 8.05 8.44 9.58 9.45 9.61 9.46 9.70
JAPAN 3.08 6.28 6.37 9.35 10.90 12.65 12.52 12.65 14.56 16.47 19.32 21.36
KOREA .34 1.33 1.36 1.44 1.76 2.35 3.39 3.99 4.94 5.45 5.71 6.00
SINGAPORE .78 2.58 2.58 2.28 2.45 2.83 3.39 3.97 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .42 1.43 1.54 1.81 2.44 2.94 3.56 3.80 4.19 4.90 4.86 5.18
AUSTRIA (1) 4.48 6.80 7.03 9.93 12.69 13.52 13.32 16.79 17.05 19.00 18.60 19.70
BELGIUM 6.53 8.96 9.34 12.81 15.72 16.09 15.60 19.16 19.97 22.16 21.43 23.14
DENMARK 5.88 7.87 7.97 10.77 14.23 14.51 14.04 17.26 17.55 19.48 18.39 ..
FINLAND 4.56 7.23 7.64 10.13 12.37 14.38 15.84 19.59 19.76 18.44 15.08 17.14
FRANCE 4.41 7.17 7.42 10.11 12.13 12.71 12.32 14.99 15.08 16.70 16.05 16.82
GERMANY (1) 6.10 8.67 8.93 12.48 15.79 17.02 16.55 20.28 20.92 23.35 23.24 24.34
GREECE 1.73 4.01 3.88 4.38 5.03 5.66 5.97 7.14 7.45 8.09 7.49 7.96
IRELAND (1) 2.85 5.18 5.51 7.51 8.58 9.27 8.91 10.79 10.97 11.97 10.82 11.51
ITALY 4.60 7.39 7.73 10.44 12.99 13.90 14.41 17.66 18.79 19.71 16.05 16.08
NETHERLANDS 6.37 7.96 7.98 11.08 13.88 14.63 13.88 17.00 17.03 18.99 18.61 ..
PORTUGAL 1.74 1.51 1.57 2.06 2.61 2.90 3.10 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.79 11.16 12.15 13.23 11.36 11.48
SWEDEN 7.11 8.86 9.26 12.00 14.60 16.23 16.94 20.31 21.48 23.69 17.03 18.05
SWITZERLAND (1) 6.53 9.82 9.90 14.10 17.50 18.41 17.11 21.29 22.10 23.63 23.05 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.12 5.67 5.74 6.97 8.30 9.68 9.63 11.45 12.35 12.91 11.03 11.58
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: GENERALLY INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE EXCEPT FOR THE UNITED
STATES, CANADA, JAPAN, & TAIWAN, WHICH INCLUDE METAL FURNITURE IN
FURNITURE & FIXTURES MANUFACTURING (US SIC 25).
HONG KONG: HARDWARE, METAL WRISTWATCH BANDS, & METAL PRODUCTS NEC.
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING INSTRUMENTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
IRELAND: INCLUDING FOUNDRY PRODUCTS.
SPAIN: INCLUDING FOUNDRY PRODUCTS.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.60 12.84 13.24 13.51 13.77 14.17 14.59 15.10 15.76 16.13 16.49 16.65
CANADA .. 13.94 14.32 14.69 15.50 16.19 17.14 18.15 19.13 20.16 19.84 20.16
MEXICO .. .. 352 560 1207 2370 3024 3788 4640 5842 6.69 7.82
HONG KONG (1) 3.71 11.67 12.85 13.86 15.24 17.49 20.33 20.57 23.90 29.52 33.05 31.78
ISRAEL 1.48 1421.01 5.04 8.15 10.53 12.87 16.17 19.31 21.55 23.63 26.76 29.21
JAPAN 913 1492 1520 1575 1577 1622 1729 1834 1959 2089 2146 2183
KOREA 165 1073 1182 1272 1448 1719 2275 2826 3622 4253 4581 4823
SINGAPORE 1.85 5.50 5.68 4.97 5.16 5.69 6.61 7.20 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 16.07 56.61 61.49 68.65 77.75 84.04 94.08 102.25 112.16 123.18 128.36 137.11
AUSTRIA (1) 77.94 136.03 145.36 151.47 160.50 167.09 176.34 190.19 199.27 208.85 216.54 224.83
BELGIUM 239.57 517.48 554.25 571.88 587.24 591.72 614.62 640.35 683.10 712.57 741.14 773.44
DENMARK 33.71 81.42 84.52 87.17 97.47 97.80 102.82 106.83 112.37 117.61 119.28 ..
FINLAND 16.72 43.40 47.37 51.38 54.47 60.28 68.06 75.02 80.05 82.75 86.34 89.71
FRANCE 18.87 62.67 66.65 69.99 72.90 75.76 78.60 81.66 85.15 88.41 90.94 93.29
GERMANY (1) 14.98 24.68 26.28 27.09 28.39 29.90 31.14 32.79 34.75 36.48 38.46 39.48
GREECE 56 452 536 613 681 803 969 1132 1358 1541 1717 1932
IRELAND (1) 1.28 4.77 5.17 5.60 5.77 6.08 6.29 6.51 6.80 7.02 7.39 7.69
ITALY 3001 12971 14754 15572 16853 18100 19776 21151 23313 24280 25252 25913
NETHERLANDS 16.08 25.53 26.47 27.12 28.13 28.93 29.45 30.98 31.88 33.40 34.59 ..
PORTUGAL 44.21 223.63 269.90 308.91 368.41 418.66 487.83 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN (1) .. .. .. .. .. .. 1040 1139 1263 1355 1448 1537
SWEDEN 29.43 73.26 79.66 85.50 92.65 99.60 109.34 120.28 129.97 138.05 132.78 139.24
SWITZERLAND (1) 16.84 23.08 24.31 25.35 26.10 26.95 28.02 29.59 31.73 33.23 34.07 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.41 4.24 4.43 4.75 5.06 5.43 5.88 6.42 6.99 7.31 7.35 7.56
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES: GENERALLY INCLUDES METAL FURNITURE EXCEPT FOR THE UNITED
STATES, CANADA, JAPAN, & TAIWAN, WHICH INCLUDE METAL FURNITURE IN
FURNITURE & FIXTURES MANUFACTURING (US SIC 25).
HONG KONG: HARDWARE, METAL WRISTWATCH BANDS, & METAL PRODUCTS NEC.
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING INSTRUMENTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
IRELAND: INCLUDING FOUNDRY PRODUCTS.
SPAIN: INCLUDING FOUNDRY PRODUCTS.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 82 78 78 85 93 97 103 107 105 96 92
MEXICO .. .. 11 7 7 8 9 10 11 13 15 16
ISRAEL 35 39 33 41 49 59 57 62 61 63 59 64
JAPAN 49 53 52 74 85 98 94 92 103 109 122 132
KOREA 5 11 11 11 13 17 25 28 32 34 35 38
SINGAPORE 14 23 22 18 19 22 25 28 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 7 11 12 14 17 21 25 26 27 31 30 31
AUSTRIA (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
BELGIUM 98 66 67 91 111 113 106 127 126 136 128 136
DENMARK 88 57 56 74 95 96 90 108 104 112 104 ..
FINLAND 72 57 59 74 95 106 111 134 128 118 93 107
FRANCE 68 56 56 74 87 89 84 98 94 101 95 98
GERMANY (1) 97 71 71 97 121 127 120 141 140 152 147 151
GREECE 24 26 26 28 31 35 37 44 43 45 42 45
IRELAND 40 39 41 54 62 64 61 72 70 74 66 67
ITALY 69 56 57 75 92 96 97 114 117 119 94 93
NETHERLANDS 93 60 59 79 97 98 90 105 101 110 106 ..
PORTUGAL 25 12 12 17 21 22 23 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 60 74 76 82 70 70
SWEDEN 101 66 67 84 102 110 111 128 131 141 98 103
SWITZERLAND (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
UNITED KINGDOM 49 46 46 55 64 73 72 83 86 87 73 74
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING SHIPBUILDING, SOME RAILROAD EQUIP & METAL PRODS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 7.02 13.63 14.06 14.44 14.66 14.98 15.45 16.07 16.73 17.20 17.71 17.93
CANADA .. 11.17 10.97 11.25 12.45 13.93 15.05 16.51 17.93 18.10 17.03 16.43
MEXICO .. .. 1.61 1.08 1.00 1.20 1.43 1.53 1.90 2.30 2.69 2.80
ISRAEL 2.45 5.27 4.57 5.93 7.24 8.88 8.75 9.97 10.23 10.78 10.42 11.47
JAPAN 3.46 7.23 7.34 10.64 12.45 14.63 14.52 14.80 17.17 18.81 21.54 23.60
KOREA .36 1.50 1.53 1.59 1.87 2.62 3.86 4.45 5.42 5.86 6.15 6.88
SINGAPORE 1.01 3.09 3.03 2.60 2.81 3.23 3.92 4.55 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .52 1.56 1.73 2.03 2.56 3.13 3.83 4.18 4.51 5.35 5.38 5.62
AUSTRIA (1) 5.08 7.93 8.22 11.47 14.77 15.53 15.35 19.49 19.91 22.18 21.77 23.13
BELGIUM 6.89 9.01 9.39 13.17 16.20 16.96 16.42 20.42 21.01 23.39 22.62 24.47
DENMARK 6.16 7.71 7.82 10.71 13.88 14.44 13.86 17.29 17.46 19.29 18.47 ..
FINLAND 5.07 7.81 8.35 10.68 13.90 15.85 17.19 21.56 21.43 20.36 16.53 19.18
FRANCE 4.78 7.67 7.85 10.67 12.78 13.39 12.95 15.76 15.75 17.45 16.75 17.57
GERMANY (1) 6.78 9.71 10.01 13.97 17.67 19.03 18.52 22.72 23.42 26.12 25.96 27.16
GREECE 1.71 3.58 3.61 4.06 4.61 5.31 5.64 7.05 7.23 7.81 7.41 7.99
IRELAND 2.81 5.31 5.81 7.81 9.08 9.57 9.36 11.52 11.73 12.81 11.68 11.97
ITALY 4.85 7.63 7.98 10.79 13.44 14.41 14.96 18.33 19.54 20.48 16.68 16.72
NETHERLANDS 6.52 8.23 8.27 11.45 14.15 14.64 13.98 16.95 16.97 18.97 18.86 ..
PORTUGAL 1.76 1.61 1.74 2.40 3.01 3.31 3.53 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.32 11.85 12.64 14.05 12.44 12.64
SWEDEN 7.07 9.04 9.43 12.13 14.90 16.52 17.20 20.55 21.92 24.21 17.44 18.55
SWITZERLAND (1) 6.53 9.82 9.90 14.10 17.50 18.41 17.11 21.29 22.10 23.63 23.05 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.46 6.21 6.51 7.87 9.31 11.01 11.10 13.26 14.37 14.91 12.93 13.31
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING SHIPBUILDING, SOME RAILROAD EQUIP & METAL PRODS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 7.02 13.63 14.06 14.44 14.66 14.98 15.45 16.07 16.73 17.20 17.71 17.93
CANADA .. 14.46 14.98 15.63 16.51 17.15 17.82 19.27 20.54 21.88 21.97 22.44
MEXICO .. .. 413 662 1383 2729 3521 4311 5730 7111 8.38 9.45
ISRAEL 1.57 1543.77 5.39 8.82 11.54 14.19 16.76 20.09 23.31 26.52 29.50 34.54
JAPAN 1026 1717 1751 1793 1801 1876 2005 2146 2312 2385 2393 2412
KOREA 173 1210 1328 1400 1539 1917 2589 3150 3975 4577 4937 5525
SINGAPORE 2.38 6.59 6.67 5.66 5.92 6.51 7.64 8.25 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 19.88 61.79 69.11 76.95 81.45 89.44 101.26 112.50 120.60 134.60 142.05 148.79
AUSTRIA (1) 88.32 158.57 169.89 175.05 186.82 192.00 203.25 220.82 232.80 243.75 253.45 263.90
BELGIUM 252.96 520.54 557.01 587.98 605.15 623.81 646.96 682.56 718.41 751.94 782.23 818.17
DENMARK 35.34 79.77 82.89 86.71 95.07 97.33 101.45 107.02 111.79 116.47 119.82 ..
FINLAND 18.59 46.86 51.77 54.15 61.23 66.47 73.84 82.56 86.82 91.33 94.66 100.41
FRANCE 20.46 66.99 70.53 73.93 76.83 79.80 82.63 85.84 88.92 92.36 94.90 97.43
GERMANY (1) 16.64 27.61 29.46 30.30 31.76 33.43 34.83 36.74 38.90 40.79 42.96 44.06
GREECE 55 403 499 569 625 753 916 1117 1319 1489 1700 1937
IRELAND 1.27 4.89 5.45 5.83 6.10 6.27 6.60 6.95 7.27 7.52 7.97 8.00
ITALY 3161 13401 15225 16095 17438 18767 20531 21958 24250 25228 26237 26933
NETHERLANDS 16.44 26.40 27.46 28.02 28.66 28.96 29.67 30.89 31.77 33.38 35.03 ..
PORTUGAL 44.90 238.24 298.86 359.04 425.71 477.25 555.31 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1104 1209 1315 1439 1586 1693
SWEDEN 29.29 74.74 81.15 86.46 94.56 101.39 111.04 121.72 132.65 141.07 135.95 143.14
SWITZERLAND (1) 16.84 23.08 24.31 25.35 26.10 26.95 28.02 29.59 31.73 33.23 34.07 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.56 4.65 5.02 5.36 5.67 6.18 6.78 7.43 8.13 8.44 8.61 8.69
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRIA: INCLUDING SHIPBUILDING, SOME RAILROAD EQUIP & METAL PRODS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA 95 100 108 110 109 102 95
MEXICO 8 9 9 11 12 13 13
HONG KONG (1) 15 18 19 21 24 28 30
ISRAEL 75 76 83 83 84 78 80
JAPAN 84 82 82 89 97 111 123
KOREA 16 23 24 28 30 32 35
SINGAPORE 19 21 25 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 19 23 25 26 29 30 32
AUSTRIA 105 99 122 118 129 129 134
BELGIUM 119 113 136 134 146 137 145
DENMARK 103 96 115 110 117 109 ..
FINLAND 98 104 129 123 110 86 97
FRANCE 96 90 105 100 108 101 104
GERMANY (1) 130 123 147 146 158 157 162
GREECE 39 40 48 48 52 48 50
IRELAND 64 60 71 70 74 66 68
ITALY 104 105 124 126 128 101 100
NETHERLANDS 112 101 118 115 125 120 ..
PORTUGAL 30 31 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. 67 82 84 89 75 72
SWEDEN 119 120 137 140 154 107 112
SWITZERLAND (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- --
UNITED KINGDOM 73 71 84 86 89 74 75
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES & ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES .. .. .. .. .. 13.51 13.85 14.31 15.05 15.50 15.89 16.19
CANADA .. 10.61 10.49 10.68 11.54 12.77 13.91 15.47 16.50 16.89 16.28 15.44
MEXICO .. .. 1.42 .98 .94 1.10 1.24 1.34 1.62 1.90 2.11 2.05
HONG KONG (1) .64 1.43 1.58 1.67 1.89 2.08 2.55 2.78 3.12 3.65 4.49 4.92
ISRAEL 2.25 6.18 5.58 7.08 8.46 10.20 10.52 11.90 12.48 12.97 12.46 12.92
JAPAN 2.83 5.67 5.67 8.15 9.71 11.38 11.38 11.80 13.45 15.05 17.62 19.92
KOREA .34 1.24 1.26 1.31 1.55 2.11 3.12 3.50 4.21 4.60 5.03 5.72
SINGAPORE .73 2.29 2.30 2.05 2.21 2.52 2.97 3.57 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .43 1.31 1.38 1.55 2.03 2.51 3.21 3.54 3.94 4.55 4.75 5.18
AUSTRIA 4.19 6.99 7.25 10.35 13.36 14.20 13.69 17.46 17.78 20.06 20.51 21.68
BELGIUM 6.69 9.00 9.32 12.68 15.57 16.08 15.63 19.49 20.17 22.63 21.77 23.50
DENMARK 5.93 7.56 7.55 10.28 13.61 13.94 13.33 16.51 16.63 18.21 17.38 ..
FINLAND 4.15 6.59 6.93 9.06 11.46 13.24 14.37 18.50 18.52 17.11 13.70 15.70
FRANCE 4.31 7.29 7.55 10.26 12.23 12.93 12.47 15.07 15.06 16.67 16.02 16.77
GERMANY (1) 6.01 8.94 9.19 12.84 16.29 17.58 17.09 21.07 21.92 24.53 24.93 26.22
GREECE 1.65 3.72 3.56 3.96 4.53 5.23 5.56 6.87 7.22 8.05 7.65 8.15
IRELAND 2.60 4.83 5.25 7.12 8.07 8.62 8.36 10.20 10.55 11.47 10.52 10.97
ITALY 4.74 7.30 7.59 10.36 13.00 13.99 14.48 17.74 18.89 19.78 16.11 16.16
NETHERLANDS 6.31 8.28 8.33 11.58 14.36 15.11 14.04 16.92 17.33 19.30 19.00 ..
PORTUGAL 2.23 2.01 2.16 2.89 3.61 4.11 4.35 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.31 11.71 12.57 13.74 11.91 11.71
SWEDEN 6.84 8.79 9.27 11.97 14.55 16.02 16.57 19.59 21.12 23.90 17.03 18.17
SWITZERLAND (1) 6.53 9.82 9.90 14.10 17.50 18.41 17.11 21.29 22.10 23.63 23.05 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.18 5.70 5.99 7.14 8.39 9.84 9.79 12.01 13.01 13.73 11.76 12.20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES & ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES .. .. .. .. .. 13.51 13.85 14.31 15.05 15.50 15.89 16.19
CANADA .. 13.74 14.33 14.85 15.30 15.72 16.47 18.06 18.91 20.43 21.00 21.10
MEXICO .. .. 365 600 1292 2496 3057 3758 4883 5876 6.58 6.90
HONG KONG (1) 3.16 11.20 12.33 13.01 14.71 16.23 19.90 21.66 24.21 28.21 34.72 38.00
ISRAEL 1.44 1812.19 6.58 10.53 13.49 16.32 20.16 23.98 28.44 31.89 35.27 38.89
JAPAN 838 1347 1352 1372 1403 1459 1571 1711 1810 1908 1957 2036
KOREA 162 1001 1094 1154 1279 1547 2093 2480 3084 3588 4036 4596
SINGAPORE 1.74 4.88 5.06 4.47 4.66 5.07 5.79 6.47 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 16.45 51.82 54.97 58.51 64.50 71.90 84.71 95.36 105.51 114.48 125.55 137.20
AUSTRIA 72.84 139.82 149.84 158.01 169.03 175.53 181.26 197.78 207.86 220.48 238.70 247.39
BELGIUM 245.50 519.56 552.85 566.40 581.82 591.28 615.81 651.32 689.77 727.62 752.95 785.58
DENMARK 34.03 78.30 80.08 83.21 93.23 93.99 97.61 102.21 106.47 109.95 112.70 ..
FINLAND 15.22 39.53 42.92 45.96 50.47 55.52 61.75 70.84 75.03 76.79 78.44 82.17
FRANCE 18.44 63.70 67.82 71.04 73.53 77.05 79.57 82.09 85.07 88.28 90.80 93.02
GERMANY (1) 14.75 25.44 27.02 27.87 29.29 30.89 32.15 34.07 36.41 38.32 41.26 42.53
GREECE 53 419 491 554 614 742 903 1089 1315 1535 1754 1977
IRELAND 1.17 4.45 4.92 5.31 5.43 5.65 5.89 6.15 6.53 6.73 7.19 7.33
ITALY 3095 12826 14493 15447 16857 18214 19865 21250 23437 24371 25348 26028
NETHERLANDS 15.92 26.57 27.63 28.34 29.08 29.88 29.78 30.83 32.44 33.94 35.31 ..
PORTUGAL 56.84 297.52 372.51 433.55 510.24 593.79 685.01 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1103 1194 1307 1407 1518 1567
SWEDEN 28.35 72.70 79.79 85.32 92.36 98.33 106.95 116.01 127.79 139.24 132.80 140.22
SWITZERLAND (1) 16.84 23.08 24.31 25.35 26.10 26.95 28.02 29.59 31.73 33.23 34.07 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.43 4.26 4.62 4.87 5.12 5.52 5.98 6.73 7.36 7.77 7.84 7.96
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES & ELECTRONIC PRODUCTS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING (US SIC 365-367)
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
HONG KONG (1) 16 19 20 21 24 29 32
JAPAN (1) 81 80 81 86 94 110 126
KOREA 16 23 25 28 30 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) 19 22 25 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN (1) 18 22 24 25 28 29 31
SPAIN .. 74 90 91 97 81 78
HOUSEHOLD AUDIO AND VIDEO EQUIPMENT (US SIC 365)
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
JAPAN (1) 47 45 40 56 68 81 82 83 86 92 115 123
KOREA 5 9 9 9 11 15 23 25 28 29 .. ..
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES (US SIC 367)
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
JAPAN (1) 49 47 46 65 76 86 84 82 88 95 110 125
KOREA .. 11 11 11 13 17 25 27 31 32 .. ..
TAIWAN .. 12 12 13 16 20 24 26 27 29 30 33
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993. FOR HOUSEHOLD AUDIO
AND VIDEO EQUIP (US SIC 365), INCLUDES COMMUNICATION (TRANS-
MITTING) EQUIPMENT (US SIC 366).
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
TAIWAN: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING (US SIC 365-367)
UNITED STATES .. .. .. .. .. 13.20 13.55 14.04 14.85 15.33 15.80 16.03
HONG KONG (1) .62 1.45 1.59 1.69 1.93 2.09 2.60 2.80 3.13 3.68 4.63 5.11
JAPAN (1) 2.55 5.22 5.24 7.59 9.14 10.74 10.85 11.31 12.77 14.35 17.43 20.27
KOREA .. 1.19 1.20 1.26 1.53 2.09 3.11 3.50 4.20 4.59 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) .70 2.27 2.28 2.01 2.19 2.50 2.96 3.54 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN (1) .42 1.26 1.34 1.48 1.92 2.34 3.04 3.37 3.74 4.34 4.55 4.92
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 10.09 12.67 13.54 14.84 12.75 12.48
HOUSEHOLD AUDIO AND VIDEO EQUIPMENT (US SIC 365)
UNITED STATES 5.57 12.24 13.15 13.39 12.92 13.23 13.41 13.77 14.93 15.61 15.68 16.23
JAPAN (1) 2.63 5.45 5.30 7.44 8.85 10.74 10.93 11.46 12.82 14.40 18.05 19.97
KOREA .29 1.16 1.13 1.19 1.42 2.03 3.07 3.45 4.14 4.52 .. ..
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES (US SIC 367)
UNITED STATES 5.06 10.70 11.32 11.75 12.17 12.56 12.93 13.62 14.43 15.08 15.62 15.61
JAPAN (1) 2.46 5.07 5.19 7.67 9.31 10.75 10.82 11.22 12.74 14.32 17.11 19.55
KOREA .. 1.18 1.26 1.28 1.64 2.17 3.28 3.68 4.42 4.83 .. ..
TAIWAN .. 1.30 1.38 1.51 1.99 2.45 3.14 3.48 3.83 4.43 4.72 5.10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993. FOR HOUSEHOLD AUDIO
AND VIDEO EQUIP (US SIC 365), INCLUDES COMMUNICATION (TRANS-
MITTING) EQUIPMENT (US SIC 366).
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
TAIWAN: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING (US SIC 365-367)
UNITED STATES .. .. .. .. .. 13.20 13.55 14.04 14.85 15.33 15.80 16.03
HONG KONG (1) 3.06 11.35 12.39 13.16 15.05 16.31 20.31 21.84 24.29 28.49 35.78 39.51
JAPAN (1) 757 1238 1249 1277 1321 1377 1499 1639 1719 1819 1936 2072
KOREA .. 959 1042 1110 1262 1527 2091 2479 3083 3587 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) 1.67 4.85 5.02 4.38 4.62 5.03 5.76 6.42 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN (1) 16.06 50.09 53.32 55.94 61.20 66.85 80.16 90.80 100.16 109.29 120.11 130.35
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1194 1293 1408 1519 1626 1671
HOUSEHOLD AUDIO AND VIDEO EQUIPMENT (US SIC 365)
UNITED STATES 5.57 12.24 13.15 13.39 12.92 13.23 13.41 13.77 14.93 15.61 15.68 16.23
JAPAN (1) 779 1294 1264 1253 1280 1377 1509 1662 1726 1826 2005 2040
KOREA 141 935 980 1045 1171 1487 2059 2441 3035 3531 .. ..
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES (US SIC 367)
UNITED STATES 5.06 10.70 11.32 11.75 12.17 12.56 12.93 13.62 14.43 15.08 15.62 15.61
JAPAN (1) 731 1202 1238 1292 1347 1378 1494 1627 1715 1816 1901 1998
KOREA .. 948 1094 1131 1347 1589 2199 2607 3242 3771 .. ..
TAIWAN .. 51.39 54.93 57.17 63.43 70.02 82.93 93.66 102.61 111.35 124.58 134.92
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993. FOR HOUSEHOLD AUDIO
AND VIDEO EQUIP (US SIC 365), INCLUDES COMMUNICATION (TRANS-
MITTING) EQUIPMENT (US SIC 366).
SINGAPORE: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
TAIWAN: INCLUDING ELECTRONIC OFFICE EQUIPMENT & COMPUTERS.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 71 69 71 75 83 87 89 92 88 83 79
MEXICO .. .. 13 10 9 10 10 12 12 15 16 16
AUSTRALIA 67 56 45 47 52 59 62 62 59 57 51 56
ISRAEL 33 44 36 44 55 65 62 65 64 65 61 54
JAPAN 43 44 44 63 73 84 78 75 81 87 99 105
KOREA 5 10 10 11 12 17 24 27 30 32 31 35
SINGAPORE 14 18 17 17 16 19 22 25 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 6 11 11 12 15 19 24 26 27 30 29 28
AUSTRIA (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
BELGIUM 86 54 54 74 90 90 84 98 96 103 97 100
DENMARK 80 46 45 61 81 82 75 89 85 91 83 ..
FINLAND 61 48 49 67 82 88 91 104 99 88 73 79
FRANCE 60 47 46 62 72 73 68 79 74 78 72 73
GERMANY (1) 89 67 65 91 114 119 112 131 127 139 135 142
GREECE 25 26 25 28 31 36 38 44 41 42 37 41
IRELAND 46 38 38 52 60 64 59 70 68 73 62 62
ITALY 60 45 45 60 74 77 77 90 89 90 71 68
NETHERLANDS 80 48 46 64 78 80 74 84 78 84 78 ..
PORTUGAL 29 14 14 17 20 21 23 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 59 71 71 76 65 61
SWEDEN 89 54 55 69 83 90 90 102 102 108 74 77
UNITED KINGDOM 47 38 39 48 57 63 62 72 75 75 63 63
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRIA: EXCLUDING SHIPBUILDING & SOME RAILROAD EQUIPMENT.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 8.58 17.69 18.30 18.45 18.58 19.07 19.71 20.78 22.21 23.03 23.95 24.82
CANADA .. 12.63 12.61 13.01 13.98 15.86 17.18 18.46 20.43 20.22 19.83 19.72
MEXICO .. .. 2.31 1.86 1.60 1.93 2.03 2.44 2.76 3.45 3.83 3.87
AUSTRALIA 5.79 9.87 8.24 8.71 9.60 11.28 12.15 12.93 13.17 13.14 12.22 13.92
ISRAEL 2.83 7.76 6.67 8.16 10.15 12.37 12.14 13.42 14.29 14.95 14.52 13.29
JAPAN 3.65 7.77 8.06 11.65 13.64 16.05 15.38 15.60 18.02 19.93 23.64 26.15
KOREA .46 1.84 1.92 1.95 2.22 3.23 4.67 5.64 6.72 7.26 7.45 8.59
SINGAPORE 1.20 3.11 3.20 3.08 3.01 3.61 4.26 5.16 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .54 1.96 1.94 2.27 2.87 3.61 4.66 5.32 5.98 6.80 6.91 7.03
AUSTRIA (1) 4.96 8.01 8.25 11.72 15.17 15.76 15.46 18.88 19.33 21.60 21.32 23.19
BELGIUM 7.37 9.59 9.92 13.61 16.72 17.08 16.49 20.44 21.26 23.69 23.20 24.93
DENMARK 6.90 8.16 8.26 11.34 15.12 15.63 14.88 18.58 18.93 20.98 19.79 ..
FINLAND 5.23 8.42 9.01 12.36 15.23 16.81 17.88 21.67 21.98 20.38 17.50 19.68
FRANCE 5.12 8.34 8.49 11.35 13.33 14.00 13.50 16.42 16.35 18.06 17.26 18.18
GERMANY (1) 7.61 11.77 11.97 16.75 21.19 22.72 22.05 27.27 28.30 32.01 32.35 35.22
GREECE 2.13 4.54 4.58 5.15 5.80 6.84 7.44 9.16 9.16 9.61 8.95 10.06
IRELAND 3.95 6.67 6.97 9.60 11.17 12.26 11.57 14.54 15.10 16.87 14.91 15.49
ITALY 5.17 7.90 8.26 11.14 13.83 14.71 15.20 18.61 19.79 20.73 16.89 16.95
NETHERLANDS 6.86 8.41 8.42 11.72 14.51 15.23 14.54 17.40 17.27 19.29 18.69 ..
PORTUGAL 2.53 2.51 2.51 3.19 3.63 3.96 4.51 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 11.60 14.82 15.87 17.43 15.62 15.23
SWEDEN 7.66 9.59 10.10 12.75 15.46 17.14 17.83 21.15 22.59 24.82 17.69 19.14
UNITED KINGDOM 4.03 6.81 7.15 8.81 10.58 12.07 12.13 14.94 16.56 17.36 15.00 15.60
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRIA: EXCLUDING SHIPBUILDING & SOME RAILROAD EQUIPMENT.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 8.58 17.69 18.30 18.45 18.58 19.07 19.71 20.78 22.21 23.03 23.95 24.82
CANADA .. 16.35 17.23 18.08 18.54 19.53 20.34 21.55 23.41 24.44 25.58 26.94
MEXICO .. .. 595 1140 2199 4390 4985 6854 8317 10684 11.94 13.07
AUSTRALIA 4.42 11.22 11.77 12.98 13.69 14.38 15.34 16.56 16.92 17.87 17.98 19.03
ISRAEL 1.81 2275.78 7.87 12.14 16.19 19.78 23.26 27.06 32.56 36.77 41.10 40.03
JAPAN 1084 1846 1923 1963 1973 2057 2124 2263 2426 2528 2626 2672
KOREA 225 1485 1670 1723 1825 2366 3135 3993 4929 5665 5983 6903
SINGAPORE 2.85 6.64 7.05 6.71 6.34 7.26 8.31 9.36 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 20.35 77.59 77.27 85.85 91.29 103.19 123.02 143.26 159.89 171.17 182.58 186.19
AUSTRIA (1) 86.28 160.19 170.61 178.82 191.92 194.79 204.66 213.95 225.94 237.34 248.19 264.57
BELGIUM 270.31 554.04 588.73 607.73 624.81 628.22 649.83 683.18 727.24 761.57 802.11 833.25
DENMARK 39.58 84.46 87.51 91.80 103.52 105.39 108.93 114.98 121.24 126.66 128.38 ..
FINLAND 19.18 50.55 55.83 62.70 67.08 70.49 76.81 83.01 89.07 91.46 100.16 103.03
FRANCE 21.94 72.83 76.22 78.58 80.16 83.40 86.15 89.43 92.33 95.61 97.84 100.85
GERMANY (1) 18.68 33.48 35.21 36.35 38.09 39.92 41.47 44.10 47.00 50.00 53.53 57.12
GREECE 69 512 633 721 786 970 1209 1452 1670 1832 2052 2440
IRELAND 1.78 6.14 6.54 7.16 7.51 8.03 8.16 8.77 9.35 9.90 10.18 10.35
ITALY 3373 13881 15773 16615 17934 19151 20848 22297 24557 25544 26576 27311
NETHERLANDS 17.32 26.99 27.94 28.70 29.39 30.12 30.86 31.71 32.34 33.94 34.73 ..
PORTUGAL 64.35 371.01 431.74 477.96 512.12 572.04 710.83 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1373 1512 1650 1785 1991 2040
SWEDEN 31.71 79.29 86.90 90.88 98.13 105.22 115.13 125.29 136.71 144.61 137.93 147.65
UNITED KINGDOM 1.81 5.10 5.51 6.00 6.45 6.78 7.40 8.37 9.37 9.83 9.99 10.18
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRIA: EXCLUDING SHIPBUILDING & SOME RAILROAD EQUIPMENT.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 69 66 66 71 79 84 85 87 85 81 78
MEXICO .. .. 12 10 8 9 9 11 12 15 16 15
AUSTRALIA (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
JAPAN (1) 37 42 41 59 68 79 73 70 74 81 94 99
KOREA 4 8 8 9 10 15 21 24 27 29 .. ..
TAIWAN 7 11 9 11 14 17 19 21 24 27 26 25
BELGIUM 75 51 50 67 82 83 77 91 87 96 90 93
DENMARK 61 39 38 53 69 70 64 75 72 77 71 ..
FRANCE 53 43 42 55 63 65 61 71 65 71 66 66
GERMANY (1) 83 63 61 84 105 111 105 123 118 132 129 136
IRELAND 39 31 32 42 53 59 53 63 57 62 55 55
ITALY 54 42 42 55 67 70 70 82 81 83 65 63
NETHERLANDS 70 43 42 55 67 69 63 72 66 73 69 ..
PORTUGAL .. 12 11 15 18 19 20 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 55 67 66 71 62 57
SWEDEN 78 51 51 63 76 82 83 94 93 100 69 73
UNITED KINGDOM 43 36 36 44 52 58 57 65 66 68 57 57
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRALIA: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
JAPAN: INCLUDING MOTORCYCLE MANUFACTURING.
BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 9.55 19.02 19.71 20.09 20.40 20.80 21.39 22.48 24.28 24.70 25.52 26.56
CANADA .. 13.13 12.99 13.35 14.49 16.41 17.88 19.09 21.06 20.95 20.72 20.72
MEXICO .. .. 2.33 1.93 1.61 1.96 2.03 2.50 2.90 3.62 3.98 4.05
AUSTRALIA (1) 5.79 9.87 8.24 8.71 9.60 11.28 12.15 12.93 13.17 13.14 12.22 13.92
JAPAN (1) 3.56 7.90 8.09 11.80 13.83 16.36 15.60 15.68 17.99 19.97 23.92 26.36
KOREA .41 1.58 1.62 1.80 2.04 3.07 4.54 5.48 6.53 7.05 .. ..
TAIWAN .64 2.09 1.85 2.23 2.83 3.50 4.16 4.76 5.72 6.57 6.64 6.76
BELGIUM 7.16 9.64 9.87 13.52 16.80 17.18 16.47 20.36 21.20 23.62 23.09 24.81
DENMARK 5.78 7.49 7.54 10.59 14.05 14.49 13.64 16.97 17.42 19.08 18.11 ..
FRANCE 5.10 8.20 8.31 11.06 12.93 13.54 13.11 15.94 15.89 17.42 16.77 17.66
GERMANY (1) 7.89 11.92 12.11 16.96 21.47 23.05 22.36 27.68 28.73 32.59 32.98 36.11
IRELAND 3.73 5.98 6.28 8.53 10.73 12.18 11.27 14.14 13.79 15.39 14.07 14.58
ITALY 5.16 8.00 8.19 11.02 13.65 14.51 15.00 18.38 19.55 20.48 16.69 16.75
NETHERLANDS 6.72 8.13 8.21 10.99 13.70 14.38 13.58 16.21 16.08 18.12 17.62 ..
PORTUGAL .. 2.22 2.26 3.09 3.65 3.92 4.37 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 11.74 15.00 15.93 17.52 15.83 15.17
SWEDEN 7.44 9.64 10.14 12.75 15.43 17.13 17.79 21.13 22.61 24.81 17.70 19.26
UNITED KINGDOM 4.12 6.86 7.17 8.77 10.61 12.08 12.12 14.58 16.10 16.80 14.43 15.08
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRALIA: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
JAPAN: INCLUDING MOTORCYCLE MANUFACTURING.
BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 9.55 19.02 19.71 20.09 20.40 20.80 21.39 22.48 24.28 24.70 25.52 26.56
CANADA .. 17.01 17.74 18.55 19.21 20.20 21.17 22.28 24.14 25.33 26.73 28.31
MEXICO .. .. 600 1181 2220 4453 4988 7044 8754 11212 12.39 13.67
AUSTRALIA (1) 4.42 11.22 11.77 12.98 13.69 14.38 15.34 16.56 16.92 17.87 17.98 19.03
JAPAN (1) 1055 1876 1929 1987 2000 2098 2154 2273 2421 2532 2658 2694
KOREA 201 1275 1408 1585 1680 2245 3046 3879 4788 5504 .. ..
TAIWAN 24.31 82.59 73.55 84.41 90.07 100.09 109.99 128.17 153.04 165.32 175.45 178.82
BELGIUM 262.80 556.84 585.72 603.62 627.61 631.82 649.21 680.59 724.88 759.52 798.60 829.51
DENMARK 33.14 77.55 79.97 85.71 96.20 97.69 99.83 105.02 111.59 115.19 117.48 ..
FRANCE 21.83 71.65 74.58 76.58 77.72 80.69 83.62 86.81 89.71 92.23 95.01 97.93
GERMANY (1) 19.37 33.90 35.62 36.80 38.60 40.50 42.06 44.75 47.71 50.91 54.58 58.56
IRELAND 1.68 5.50 5.89 6.36 7.21 7.98 7.95 8.53 8.54 9.03 9.60 9.74
ITALY 3367 14044 15641 16438 17707 18898 20583 22022 24257 25237 26261 26976
NETHERLANDS 16.95 26.08 27.24 26.89 27.76 28.45 28.82 29.54 30.10 31.87 32.75 ..
PORTUGAL .. 327.27 388.10 462.30 514.99 565.88 688.93 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1390 1530 1656 1794 2019 2031
SWEDEN 30.82 79.77 87.21 90.85 97.91 105.12 114.87 125.16 136.85 144.55 137.96 148.62
UNITED KINGDOM 1.85 5.14 5.53 5.98 6.47 6.78 7.40 8.17 9.11 9.51 9.61 9.84
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
AUSTRALIA: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
JAPAN: INCLUDING MOTORCYCLE MANUFACTURING.
BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 72 69 72 75 82 84 86 91 83 76 73
TAIWAN .. 20 22 26 32 42 47 48 47 56 51 49
FRANCE 72 56 58 79 92 94 86 97 91 95 86 88
GERMANY (1) 85 64 63 87 107 108 102 118 115 119 112 114
ITALY 64 44 45 61 75 79 77 88 88 86 67 66
NETHERLANDS (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
UNITED KINGDOM 46 41 42 52 60 68 65 74 78 78 65 65
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
NETHERLANDS: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 8.25 17.40 17.89 18.05 18.41 19.03 20.03 21.42 22.81 24.32 25.47 26.12
CANADA .. 12.45 12.42 12.94 13.74 15.65 16.89 18.36 20.74 20.22 19.43 19.00
TAIWAN .. 3.42 4.02 4.67 5.84 7.97 9.48 10.30 10.82 13.66 13.10 12.70
FRANCE 5.92 9.81 10.36 14.24 16.96 17.87 17.14 20.84 20.70 23.20 21.89 23.06
GERMANY (1) 7.01 11.08 11.28 15.64 19.74 20.56 20.44 25.37 26.32 29.03 28.42 29.65
ITALY 5.24 7.67 8.09 11.04 13.89 14.97 15.44 18.92 20.07 21.03 17.14 17.19
NETHERLANDS (1) 6.86 8.41 8.42 11.72 14.51 15.23 14.54 17.40 17.27 19.64 19.03 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.81 7.20 7.49 9.30 10.96 12.85 12.93 15.95 17.88 18.91 16.52 16.98
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
NETHERLANDS: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 8.25 17.40 17.89 18.05 18.41 19.03 20.03 21.42 22.81 24.32 25.47 26.12
CANADA .. 16.12 16.97 17.99 18.22 19.26 19.99 21.43 23.77 24.45 25.07 25.95
TAIWAN .. 135.62 160.37 176.54 186.07 227.79 250.31 277.23 289.46 343.71 346.05 336.25
FRANCE 25.35 85.72 93.03 98.65 101.93 106.48 109.34 113.50 116.92 122.84 124.02 127.88
GERMANY (1) 17.22 31.51 33.18 33.93 35.48 36.12 38.45 41.02 43.71 45.34 47.04 48.09
ITALY 3416 13467 15437 16465 18016 19490 21188 22661 24911 25904 26956 27692
NETHERLANDS (1) 17.32 26.99 27.94 28.70 29.39 30.12 30.86 31.71 32.34 34.54 35.35 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.71 5.39 5.78 6.34 6.68 7.22 7.89 8.94 10.12 10.71 11.00 11.09
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
NETHERLANDS: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA .. 73 73 74 75 87 97 104 106 100 87 83
HONG KONG 15 15 16 17 17 21 23 24 27 28 .. ..
JAPAN (1) 57 55 56 77 88 102 99 96 105 112 128 145
KOREA 9 16 16 15 18 27 35 40 45 46 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
TAIWAN 8 17 17 19 25 30 43 48 50 55 55 58
BELGIUM 128 69 70 94 118 116 110 132 127 134 123 133
DENMARK 103 59 59 80 109 113 105 125 118 125 113 ..
FINLAND 84 62 63 88 109 122 128 144 139 120 97 111
FRANCE 75 62 61 78 94 97 91 106 98 104 95 101
GERMANY (1) 106 75 75 102 132 139 131 154 149 159 158 164
GREECE (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
ITALY 80 54 56 75 96 101 102 119 119 118 92 93
NETHERLANDS 103 60 59 82 105 109 103 117 109 115 107 ..
NORWAY .. 75 76 94 126 134 130 138 130 139 120 125
PORTUGAL 44 21 20 24 27 29 34 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 118 67 69 88 108 117 120 135 135 140 96 104
UNITED KINGDOM 58 46 47 58 69 76 76 91 93 93 79 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
SINGAPORE: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.84 14.27 14.62 14.72 14.36 14.52 14.82 15.56 16.66 17.58 18.26 18.08
CANADA .. 10.42 10.62 10.88 10.75 12.58 14.42 16.18 17.69 17.53 15.93 14.95
HONG KONG 1.05 2.13 2.32 2.47 2.46 3.10 3.40 3.78 4.45 4.85 .. ..
JAPAN (1) 3.92 7.80 8.12 11.37 12.57 14.83 14.62 14.96 17.57 19.68 23.39 26.15
KOREA .59 2.22 2.33 2.23 2.63 3.87 5.17 6.24 7.44 8.03 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) 1.20 3.11 3.20 3.08 3.01 3.61 4.26 5.16 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .57 2.41 2.46 2.79 3.52 4.37 6.36 7.50 8.31 9.70 10.02 10.44
BELGIUM 8.75 9.78 10.21 13.87 16.89 16.89 16.31 20.53 21.08 23.48 22.45 24.04
DENMARK 7.04 8.46 8.60 11.73 15.69 16.37 15.63 19.47 19.74 21.97 20.66 ..
FINLAND 5.73 8.79 9.14 12.89 15.67 17.73 18.97 22.48 23.10 21.12 17.75 20.05
FRANCE 5.13 8.86 8.86 11.50 13.52 14.09 13.51 16.43 16.33 18.30 17.26 18.18
GERMANY (1) 7.22 10.68 10.93 15.03 18.90 20.18 19.48 23.92 24.82 27.89 28.88 29.74
GREECE (1) 2.13 4.54 4.58 5.15 5.80 6.84 7.44 9.16 9.16 9.61 8.95 10.06
ITALY 5.47 7.76 8.13 11.04 13.73 14.65 15.17 18.55 19.77 20.69 16.85 16.89
NETHERLANDS 7.07 8.63 8.58 12.14 15.08 15.78 15.27 18.22 18.14 20.30 19.57 ..
NORWAY .. 10.66 11.05 13.88 18.10 19.51 19.24 21.46 21.68 24.43 21.99 22.56
PORTUGAL 3.01 2.98 2.94 3.52 3.85 4.26 5.03 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 8.08 9.56 10.03 12.92 15.57 17.04 17.75 20.95 22.56 24.62 17.59 18.80
UNITED KINGDOM 3.99 6.51 6.86 8.48 9.85 11.04 11.22 14.18 15.51 16.40 14.35 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
SINGAPORE: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 6.84 14.27 14.62 14.72 14.36 14.52 14.82 15.56 16.66 17.58 18.26 18.08
CANADA .. 13.50 14.51 15.13 14.25 15.49 17.07 18.88 20.27 21.19 20.55 20.43
HONG KONG 5.19 16.65 18.10 19.29 19.15 24.21 26.51 29.42 34.55 37.53 .. ..
JAPAN (1) 1164 1851 1937 1915 1818 1902 2019 2169 2365 2496 2599 2672
KOREA 285 1786 2024 1970 2166 2833 3470 4418 5454 6270 .. ..
SINGAPORE (1) 2.85 6.64 7.05 6.71 6.34 7.26 8.31 9.36 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 21.60 95.26 98.03 105.60 112.08 125.00 167.92 201.97 222.40 244.16 264.71 276.39
BELGIUM 321.15 564.62 605.70 619.51 630.94 621.12 642.80 686.08 720.79 754.87 776.46 803.55
DENMARK 40.36 87.58 91.18 94.97 107.42 110.32 114.41 120.52 126.39 132.63 133.99 ..
FINLAND 21.01 52.74 56.64 65.38 68.99 74.35 81.51 86.10 93.62 94.76 101.64 104.93
FRANCE 21.96 77.41 79.58 79.63 81.30 83.95 86.19 89.51 92.21 96.88 97.81 100.81
GERMANY (1) 17.73 30.39 32.15 32.62 33.98 35.46 36.65 38.68 41.23 43.56 47.80 48.24
GREECE (1) 69 512 633 721 786 970 1209 1452 1670 1832 2052 2440
ITALY 3568 13633 15519 16454 17812 19081 20809 22225 24533 25496 26504 27213
NETHERLANDS 17.85 27.69 28.48 29.72 30.55 31.21 32.41 33.20 33.96 35.71 36.35 ..
NORWAY .. 87.03 94.93 102.65 121.98 127.30 133.03 134.22 140.73 151.81 156.06 159.15
PORTUGAL 76.49 439.51 505.44 527.46 544.13 614.24 792.56 .. .. .. .. ..
SWEDEN 33.47 79.03 86.31 92.07 98.80 104.60 114.59 124.10 136.54 143.41 137.13 145.06
UNITED KINGDOM 1.79 4.87 5.28 5.78 6.01 6.20 6.85 7.95 8.77 9.29 9.56 ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
JAPAN: BREAKS IN SERIES AT 1990, 1991, AND 1993.
SINGAPORE: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
GREECE: TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
HONG KONG (1) 15 17 18 19 21 22 25
JAPAN 86 84 83 89 96 110 122
KOREA 15 21 25 28 30 32 35
SINGAPORE 18 21 23 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 16 20 21 21 25 25 26
BELGIUM 99 95 114 114 121 115 125
DENMARK 97 91 105 104 114 101 ..
FRANCE 83 79 91 87 94 87 90
GERMANY (1) 111 105 123 122 133 130 134
IRELAND 67 62 73 70 76 68 71
ITALY 90 91 106 108 110 87 86
PORTUGAL 19 21 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. 62 76 79 86 70 67
SWEDEN 106 106 121 120 134 93 99
SWITZERLAND (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- --
UNITED KINGDOM 72 72 79 84 85 71 72r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: PHOTOGRAPHIC & OPTICAL GOODS; WATCHES & CLOCKS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES .. .. .. .. .. 14.72 15.10 15.89 16.58 17.00 17.60 17.87
HONG KONG (1) .. 1.44 1.58 1.73 1.92 2.20 2.57 2.90 3.22 3.56 3.90 4.39
JAPAN 2.94 6.04 6.24 9.10 10.77 12.64 12.71 13.15 14.77 16.29 19.31 21.74
KOREA .33 1.12 1.23 1.32 1.60 2.20 3.16 4.00 4.58 5.04 5.69 6.22
SINGAPORE .69 2.27 2.13 2.21 2.34 2.61 3.15 3.70 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .41 1.22 1.32 1.51 1.93 2.34 3.00 3.38 3.51 4.19 4.36 4.68
BELGIUM 6.02 8.47 8.57 11.58 14.18 14.50 14.40 18.06 18.82 20.62 20.30 22.36
DENMARK 5.81 7.68 7.78 10.51 13.96 14.31 13.69 16.74 17.19 19.30 17.86 ..
FRANCE 4.12 6.71 6.95 9.65 11.59 12.25 11.86 14.40 14.43 15.96 15.34 16.11
GERMANY (1) 5.74 8.33 8.54 11.93 15.16 16.34 15.91 19.59 20.22 22.66 22.80 23.94
IRELAND 2.89 5.29 5.63 7.90 9.41 9.87 9.33 11.63 11.57 12.88 12.01 12.66
ITALY 4.41 6.75 7.13 9.74 12.22 13.19 13.70 16.78 17.90 18.76 15.28 15.32
PORTUGAL 1.46 1.50 1.52 2.06 2.88 2.75 3.11 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.35 12.10 13.11 14.58 12.26 12.02
SWEDEN 6.87 8.54 8.88 11.33 14.07 15.55 15.94 19.19 19.97 22.77 16.34 17.70
SWITZERLAND (1) 6.53 9.82 9.90 14.10 17.50 18.41 17.11 21.29 22.10 23.63 23.05 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 3.08 6.11 6.25 7.70 9.30 10.57 10.89 12.55 13.86 14.51 12.54 12.82r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: PHOTOGRAPHIC & OPTICAL GOODS; WATCHES & CLOCKS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES .. .. .. .. .. 14.72 15.10 15.89 16.58 17.00 17.60 17.87
HONG KONG (1) .. 11.25 12.30 13.51 14.98 17.20 20.03 22.61 25.05 27.54 30.14 33.95
JAPAN 871 1434 1489 1532 1558 1620 1755 1907 1987 2065 2145 2221
KOREA 161 901 1072 1163 1319 1609 2123 2830 3359 3937 4569 4996
SINGAPORE 1.64 4.83 4.69 4.82 4.92 5.25 6.13 6.70 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 15.76 48.34 52.43 57.29 61.53 66.90 79.15 90.86 93.85 105.54 115.06 123.94
BELGIUM 220.72 489.21 508.83 517.32 529.90 533.37 567.62 603.64 643.67 662.92 702.12 747.49
DENMARK 33.31 79.51 82.45 85.07 95.62 96.46 100.19 103.63 110.06 116.53 115.82 ..
FRANCE 17.65 58.61 62.40 66.84 69.70 72.99 75.66 78.43 81.48 84.51 86.95 89.33
GERMANY (1) 14.10 23.69 25.13 25.90 27.25 28.71 29.92 31.68 33.59 35.40 37.73 38.84
IRELAND 1.30 4.87 5.28 5.89 6.32 6.47 6.58 7.02 7.17 7.56 8.20 8.46
ITALY 2877 11846 13610 14522 15848 17171 18801 20103 22208 23116 24043 24685
PORTUGAL 37.22 221.88 261.41 307.92 406.73 396.12 490.13 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 1107 1234 1364 1493 1563 1610
SWEDEN 28.44 70.63 76.36 80.76 89.32 95.43 102.92 113.66 120.84 132.65 127.35 136.55
SWITZERLAND (1) 16.84 23.08 24.31 25.35 26.10 26.95 28.02 29.59 31.73 33.23 34.07 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.39 4.57 4.82 5.25 5.67 5.94 6.65 7.03 7.84 8.21 8.35 8.37r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
HONG KONG: PHOTOGRAPHIC & OPTICAL GOODS; WATCHES & CLOCKS.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SWITZERLAND: PRIMARY METALS, METAL PRODUCTS, MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
CANADA (1) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
MEXICO .. .. 13 10 8 9 10 10 12 13 15 14
JAPAN (1) 53 60 59 80 91 102 101 100 112 121 139 152
KOREA 5 10 10 11 13 17 23 26 32 35 37 40
SINGAPORE 13 23 23 20 20 22 27 30 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 8 14 14 15 19 23 28 30 32 36 35 37
BELGIUM 104 68 69 95 111 108 100 119 121 130 121 128
DENMARK 117 81 81 107 138 138 127 152 149 153 140 ..
FRANCE 85 72 73 96 111 113 105 123 119 125 117 120
GERMANY (1) 107 81 80 110 136 142 132 157 157 168 162 168
GREECE 31 36 35 38 41 44 44 51 51 53 49 52
IRELAND 46 49 51 68 74 79 74 88 85 90 81 84
ITALY 113 71 70 92 109 112 113 133 135 136 108 106
PORTUGAL 27 11 10 15 17 19 20 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 72 90 93 96 80 74
SWEDEN 137 89 92 114 135 148 147 169 166 175 123 128
SWITZERLAND 113 93 91 125 150 153 138 165 168 177 169 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 58 58 55 70 76 90 84 95 97 100 83 81r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
CANADA: INCLUDING INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.
JAPAN: INCLUDING ORDNANCE.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 4.74 9.21 9.48 9.78 10.11 10.44 10.84 11.30 11.70 12.25 12.62 12.91
CANADA (1) .. 9.31 9.25 9.06 10.13 11.23 12.56 13.47 13.77 12.58 12.64 12.31
MEXICO .. .. 1.20 .94 .84 .94 1.11 1.15 1.36 1.59 1.86 1.76
JAPAN (1) 2.51 5.49 5.59 7.79 9.23 10.68 10.95 11.26 13.09 14.77 17.55 19.59
KOREA .26 .95 .97 1.04 1.28 1.79 2.49 2.97 3.70 4.25 4.70 5.12
SINGAPORE .63 2.14 2.15 1.94 2.01 2.32 2.92 3.41 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN .36 1.25 1.33 1.49 1.95 2.44 3.06 3.42 3.70 4.40 4.41 4.78
BELGIUM 4.93 6.28 6.51 9.26 11.20 11.23 10.87 13.48 14.14 15.92 15.21 16.52
DENMARK 5.54 7.50 7.70 10.48 14.00 14.39 13.77 17.13 17.38 18.80 17.64 ..
FRANCE 4.01 6.63 6.93 9.39 11.21 11.78 11.41 13.85 13.87 15.36 14.76 15.50
GERMANY (1) 5.07 7.50 7.63 10.79 13.71 14.82 14.36 17.72 18.36 20.62 20.39 21.66
GREECE 1.46 3.33 3.32 3.67 4.19 4.63 4.73 5.81 5.97 6.50 6.13 6.67
IRELAND 2.18 4.51 4.86 6.68 7.49 8.28 8.07 9.92 9.92 10.97 10.21 10.81
ITALY 5.37 6.54 6.67 9.00 11.05 11.74 12.20 15.05 15.80 16.64 13.60 13.74
PORTUGAL 1.26 1.00 .99 1.45 1.72 1.98 2.16 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.80 10.15 10.85 11.74 10.05 9.61
SWEDEN 6.48 8.23 8.73 11.12 13.63 15.41 15.96 19.08 19.43 21.45 15.47 16.50
SWITZERLAND 5.34 8.59 8.58 12.23 15.18 16.00 14.96 18.68 19.71 21.70 21.28 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 2.73 5.35 5.25 6.86 7.73 9.35 9.10 10.78 11.36 12.27 10.43 10.41r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
CANADA: INCLUDING INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.
JAPAN: INCLUDING ORDNANCE.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COUNTRY OR AREA 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNITED STATES 4.74 9.21 9.48 9.78 10.11 10.44 10.84 11.30 11.70 12.25 12.62 12.91
CANADA (1) .. 12.06 12.64 12.59 13.43 13.83 14.87 15.72 15.78 15.21 16.30 16.82
MEXICO .. .. 309 574 1153 2144 2743 3226 4090 4927 5.78 5.94
JAPAN (1) 745 1303 1334 1312 1335 1370 1512 1633 1762 1873 1949 2003
KOREA 128 768 845 914 1051 1306 1672 2102 2712 3315 3772 4111
SINGAPORE 1.49 4.57 4.73 4.23 4.24 4.67 5.69 6.18 .. .. .. ..
TAIWAN 13.49 49.41 52.99 56.25 62.10 69.65 80.88 92.10 99.13 110.72 116.63 126.52
BELGIUM 181.05 362.67 386.08 413.76 418.54 413.19 428.23 450.39 483.50 511.92 526.04 552.10
DENMARK 31.79 77.58 81.61 84.80 95.89 97.03 100.84 106.05 111.32 113.47 114.43 ..
FRANCE 17.16 57.89 62.25 65.04 67.39 70.22 72.79 75.44 78.34 81.31 83.66 85.95
GERMANY (1) 12.44 21.34 22.44 23.41 24.66 26.03 27.01 28.66 30.49 32.21 33.75 35.13
GREECE 47 375 458 514 568 658 768 922 1088 1238 1406 1619
IRELAND .98 4.15 4.56 4.98 5.04 5.42 5.69 5.98 6.15 6.44 6.97 7.22
ITALY 3505 11490 12724 13424 14336 15291 16732 18034 19608 20500 21395 22139
PORTUGAL 32.14 147.90 170.03 217.91 243.25 285.75 340.59 .. .. .. .. ..
SPAIN .. .. .. .. .. .. 923 1035 1128 1202 1281 1286
SWEDEN 26.84 68.04 75.12 79.28 86.53 94.54 103.07 113.00 117.56 124.94 120.57 127.30
SWITZERLAND 13.78 20.18 21.08 21.99 22.65 23.43 24.49 25.97 28.31 30.51 31.46 ..
UNITED KINGDOM 1.23 4.00 4.05 4.67 4.71 5.25 5.55 6.04 6.43 6.95 6.95 6.79r
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r = REVISED
(1) INDUSTRY NOTES:
CANADA: INCLUDING INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS.
JAPAN: INCLUDING ORDNANCE.
GERMANY: FORMER WEST GERMANY.
SEE SEPARATE APPENDIX FOR DEFINITIONS, METHODS, DATA LIMITATIONS, CURRENCY
EXCHANGE RATES, AND COUNTRY NOTES.
SOURCE: U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS, JUNE 1996.
Appendix The compensation measures are computed in national currency units and are converted into U.S. dollars at prevailing commercial market currency exchange rates. They are an appropriate measure for comparing levels of employer labor costs. They do not indicate relative living standards of workers or the purchasing power of their income. Prices of goods and services vary greatly among countries, and commercial market exchange rates are not reliable indicators of relative differences in prices. Definitions Hourly compensation is defined as (1) all payments made directly to the worker--pay for time worked (basic time and piece rates plus overtime premiums, shift differentials, other bonuses and premiums paid regularly each pay period, and cost-of-living adjustments), pay for time not worked (vacations, holidays, and other leave), seasonal or irregular bonuses, other special payments, selected social allowances, and the cost of payments in kind--before payroll deductions of any kind, and (2) employer expenditures for legally required insurance programs and contractual and private benefit plans. In addition, for some countries, compensation is adjusted for other taxes on payrolls or employment (or reduced to reflect subsidies), even if they do not finance programs that directly benefit workers, because such taxes are regarded as labor costs. For consistency, compensation is measured on an hours-worked basis for every country. The BLS definition of hourly compensation costs is not the same as the International Labour Office (ILO) definition of total labor costs. Hourly compensation costs do not include all items of labor costs. The costs of recruitment, employee training, and plant facilities and services--such as cafeterias and medical clinics--are not included because data are not available for most countries. The labor costs not included account for no more than 4 percent of total labor costs in any country for which the data are available. Production workers generally include those employees who are engaged in fabricating, assembly, and related activities; material handling, warehousing, and shipping; maintenance and repair; janitorial and guard services; auxiliary production (e.g., powerplants); and other services closely related to the above activities. Working supervisors are generally included; apprentices and other trainees are generally excluded. Methods Total compensation is computed by adjusting each country's average earnings series for items of direct pay not included in earnings and for employer expenditures for legally required insurance, contractual and private benefit plans, and other labor taxes. For the United States and other countries that measure earnings on an hours-paid basis, the figures are also adjusted in order to approximate compensation per hour worked. Descriptions of the country surveys used for the Bureau's comparative measures, including definitions and survey coverage, are based on information provided by each country. Earnings statistics are obtained from surveys of employment, hours, and earnings for most countries. They are obtained from surveys or censuses of manufactures for seven countries--Mexico, India, Israel, Pakistan, Austria, Denmark, and Portugal. The surveys of employment, hours, and earnings are stratified sample surveys of establishments for most countries (except they are full surveys of establishments covered for Finland, Luxembourg, and Norway and a judgement sample for Switzerland). The surveys of manufactures are stratified sample surveys of establishments which collect data on industrial production and other industrial statistics, including labor input and labor cost. Censuses are complete enumerations of business establishments. Adjustment factors are obtained from periodic labor cost surveys and interpolated or projected to nonsurvey years on the basis of other available information for most countries. The labor cost surveys are stratified sample surveys of establishments (full surveys for Ireland, Italy, and Luxembourg). The information used to interpolate or project the adjustment factors to nonsurvey years includes annual tabulations on employer social security contribution rates provided by the International Studies Staff of the U.S. Social Security Administration, information on contractual and legislated fringe benefit changes from ILO and national labor bulletins, and statistical series on indirect labor costs. The adjustment factors are obtained from surveys of manufactures for Mexico and Portugal, and from reports on fringe benefit systems and social security for Hong Kong, Israel, New Zealand, Pakistan, Singapore, and Sri Lanka. For the United States, the adjustment factors are special calculations for international comparisons based on data from several surveys. The statistics are also adjusted, where necessary, to account for major differences in worker coverage; differences in industrial classification systems; and changes over time in survey coverage, sample benchmarks, or frequency of surveys. Nevertheless, some differences in industrial coverage remain and, with the exception of the United States, Canada, and several other countries, the data exclude very small establishments (less than 5 employees in Japan and less than 10 employees in most European and some other countries). Exceptions to the standard coverage and definitions and special estimation procedures are explained in the country notes below. Hourly compensation costs are converted to U.S. dollars using the average daily exchange rate for the reference period. Changes in hourly compensation in U.S. dollars from one period to another are therefore affected by changes in currency exchange rates as well as by changes in compensation. The exchange rates used are prevailing commercial market exchange rates as published by either the U.S. Federal Reserve Board or the International Monetary Fund. The exchange rates used are shown below. Data Limitations Because compensation is partly estimated, the statistics should not be considered as precise measures of comparative compensation costs. In addition, the figures are subject to revision as the results of new labor cost surveys or other data used to estimate total compensation become available. Labor Costs Versus Labor Income The hourly compensation figures in U.S. dollars shown in the tables provide comparative measures of employer labor costs; they do not provide intercountry comparisons of the purchasing power of worker incomes. Prices of goods and services vary greatly among countries, and the commercial market exchange rates used to compare employer labor costs do not reliably indicate relative differences in prices. Purchasing-power-parities--that is, the number of foreign currency units required to buy goods and services equivalent to what can be purchased with one unit of U.S. or other base-country currency--must be used for meaningful international comparisons of the relative purchasing power of worker incomes. Total compensation converted to U.S. dollars at purchasing power parities would provide one measure for comparing relative real levels of labor income. It should be noted, however, that total compensation includes employer payments to funds for the benefit of workers in addition to payments made directly to workers. (For a few countries, the compensation measures also include taxes or subsidies on payrolls or employment even if they do not finance programs which directly benefit workers.) Payments into these funds provide either deferred income (e.g., payments to retirement funds), a type of insurance (e.g., payments to unemployment or health benefit funds), or current social benefits (e.g., family allowances), and the relationship between employer payments and current or future worker benefits is indirect. On the other hand, excluding these payments would understate the total value of income derived from work because they substitute for worker savings or self-insurance to cover retirement, medical costs, etc. Total compensation, since it takes account of employer payments into funds for the benefit of workers, is a broader income concept than either total direct earnings or direct spendable earnings. An even broader concept would take account of all social benefits available to workers, including those financed out of general revenues as well as those financed through employment or payroll taxes. Country Notes Canada: For ship and boat building, the adjustment factor relates to shipbuilding only. Mexico: Adjustment factors relate to all employees Australia: Earnings and compensation relate to production workers and non-production workers other than those in managerial, executive, professional, and higher supervisory positions. Adjustment factors relate to all manufacturing for every industry. Hong Kong: Total manufacturing is the average of selected manufacturing industries. The industries covered accounted for about 70 percent of all persons employed in manufacturing in 1988. Compensation excludes overtime pay. Adjustment factors are constants for each industry based on supplementary benefit data for 1982. India: Hourly earnings refer to workers earning less than 1000 rupees per month (1975, 400 rupees) and are estimated from average monthly earnings by assuming 190 hours of work per month. Hourly compensation is the mid-point of an estimated average compensation range, computed using a constant range for the additional compensation adjustment factor. Israel: Hourly earnings are estimated from average daily earnings by assuming eight hours of work per day. For years since 1978, daily earnings for production workers are estimated on the basis of the trend in daily earnings for all employees. Hourly compensation is the mid-point of an estimated average compensation range, computed using a constant range for the additional compensation adjustment factor. Japan: There are breaks in series at 1990, 1991, and 1993 for the following Japanese 3-digit industries: glass and glassware, pottery and related products, basic iron and steel, electronic equipment, motor vehicles and equipment, and ship and boat building. The breaks in series are because of earnings survey changes and benchmarks; data for other industries are linked. Adjustment factors relate to all employees. Adjustment factors for the appropriate Japanese 2-digit industries are used for the following 3-digit industries: glass and glassware, pottery and related products, basic iron and steel, electronic equipment, motor vehicles and equipment, and ship and boat building. For plastics products and miscellaneous manufacturing, the ratios refer to miscellaneous (including plastics products) manufacturing, and for rubber and plastics products to rubber and miscellaneous (including plastics products) manufacturing. Korea: Data for some component industries are not available for 1993-94 because of a change in the Korean industrial classification. Hourly earnings for production workers for 1975-84 are estimated on the basis of average hourly earnings for all employees adjusted for the relative level of production worker monthly earnings to all employee earnings; they are linked to new earnings data for production workers at 1985. Special estimates derived from annual survey of manufactures data are made for the following industries: rubber tires, basic iron and steel, electronic equipment, motor vehicles and equipment, and ship and boat building. Adjustment factors relate to all employees, and are based on labor cost surveys for 1982-1993. Adjustment factors for the appropriate Korean 3-digit industries were used for the following 4-digit industries: rubber tires, basic iron and steel, electronic equipment, motor vehicles and equipment, and ship and boat building. New Zealand: Hourly earnings are the mid-point of an estimated production worker earnings range (80-90 percent of all employee earnings). Hourly compensation is the mid-point of an estimated average compensation range, computed using a constant range for the additional compensation adjustment factor. Pakistan: Hourly earnings are estimated from average monthly earnings by assuming 192 hours of work per month. Hourly compensation is the mid-point of an estimated average compensation range, computed using a constant range for the additional compensation adjustment factor. Singapore: Adjustment factors relate to all manufacturing for every industry. Hourly compensation costs are estimated for the years since 1985 using the trend in average weekly earnings and benefit costs for production workers or average compensation per employee from the national accounts. Taiwan: Adjustment factors relate to all employees, and are based on labor cost surveys for 1984-1990. Adjustment factors for the appropriate Taiwanese 2-digit industries are used for the following 3-digit industries: lumber and wood products, furniture and fixtures; paper and allied products, printing and publishing; rubber tires, glass and glassware, pottery and related products; iron and steel, nonferrous metals; electronic equipment; motor vehicles and equipment, aircraft and parts, and ship and boat building. Austria: Excludes workers in establishments considered handicraft manufacturers. (All printing and publishing and miscellaneous manufacturing establishments are classified in handicrafts.) In 1986, handicraft employment was about 35 percent of all manufacturing employment. Average compensation per employee was about 10 percent lower in manufacturing including handicrafts than in manufacturing excluding handicrafts. Belgium: For lumber and wood products manufacturing and wood furniture and fixtures manufacturing, the adjustment factors relate to lumber, wood products, and wood furniture. Finland: There is a break in series between 1993 and 1994 because of a new earnings survey for which adjustment or link cannot be made. For comparability with other countries, compensation excludes some obligatory training and plant facilities costs; these costs would add 1.6 percent to average hourly compensation costs in 1994. For lumber and wood products manufacturing and wood furniture and fixtures manufacturing, the adjustment factors relate to lumber, wood products, and wood furniture. France: Adjustment factors relate to all employees. For lumber and wood products manufacturing and wood furniture and fixtures manufacturing, the adjustment factors relate to lumber, wood products, and wood furniture. Germany: Refers to former West Germany. Excludes workers in establishments considered handicraft manufacturers. In 1990, handicraft employment was about 25 percent of all manufacturing employment. Average hourly earnings of production workers were about 3 percent lower in manufacturing including handicrafts than in manufacturing excluding handicrafts. Greece: For lumber and wood products manufacturing and wood furniture and fixtures manufacturing, the adjustment factors relate to lumber, wood products, and wood furniture. 'Ireland: Earnings refer to September for 1975-1976. Adjustment factors relate to all employees. Compensation excludes redundancy pay. Italy: Both hourly earnings and additional compensation adjustment factors are obtained from periodic labor cost surveys and interpolated or projected to nonsurvey years using the trend in contractual wage rates and in benefit entitlements and costs. Netherlands: Adjustment factors relate to all employees. Norway: For comparability with other countries, compensation excludes some obligatory training and plant facilities costs; these costs would add 2.2 percent to average hourly compensation costs in 1994. Adjustment factor for all primary metal, metal products, machinery, and equipment manufacturing are used for the following component industries: primary metals; metal products, machinery, and equipment; and ship and boat building and repairing. Portugal: Adjustment factors relate to all employees. Spain: Hourly earnings for all manufacturing in 1975-1976 are estimated on the basis of 1977 manufacturing earnings and the general earnings trend for the total private non-farm economy. Adjustment factors relate to all employees. For electronic equipment, the adjustment factor relates to electronic and other electrical equipment. United Kingdom: Adjustment factors relate to all employees. Exchange Rates: National currency units per U.S. dollar, 1975 and 1984-1995 Page 115 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Country or area 1975 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ United States 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Canada 1.017 1.295 1.366 1.390 1.326 1.231 1.184 1.167 1.146 1.209 1.290 1.366 1.373 Mexico 12.50 167.8 256.9 611.8 1,378 2,273 2,461 2,813 3,018 3,095 3.116 3.375 6.419 Australia .7647 1.137 1.428 1.490 1.426 1.275 1.263 1.281 1.284 1.360 1.471 1.367 1.350 Hong Kong 4.939 7.819 7.791 7.804 7.798 7.807 7.801 7.790 7.771 7.740 7.736 7.729 7.736 India 8.376 11.36 12.37 12.61 12.96 13.92 16.23 17.50 22.74 25.92 30.49 31.37 32.43 Israel .6390 293.2 1.179 1.488 1.595 1.599 1.916 2.016 2.279 2.459 2.830 3.011 3.011 Japan 296.7 237.4 238.5 168.4 144.6 128.2 138.1 145.0 134.6 126.8 111.1 102.2 93.96 Korea 484.0 806.0 870.0 881.4 822.6 731.5 671.5 707.8 733.4 780.6 802.7 803.5 771.3 New Zealand .8254 1.729 2.010 1.906 1.686 1.525 1.685 1.677 1.729 1.859 1.847 1.685 1.524 Pakistan 9.900 14.05 15.93 16.65 17.40 18.00 20.54 21.71 23.80 25.08 28.11 30.57 31.64 Singapore 2.371 2.133 2.200 2.177 2.106 2.012 1.950 1.813 1.728 1.629 1.616 1.527 1.417 Sri Lanka 7.050 25.44 27.16 28.02 29.44 31.81 36.05 40.06 41.37 43.83 48.32 49.42 51.25 Taiwan 38.00 39.60 39.85 37.84 31.84 28.59 26.41 26.92 26.76 25.16 26.42 26.47 26.50 Austria 17.40 20.00 20.68 15.26 12.65 12.36 13.24 11.33 11.69 10.99 11.64 11.41 10.08 Belgium 36.69 57.75 59.34 44.66 37.36 36.78 39.41 33.42 34.20 32.15 34.58 33.43 29.47 Denmark 5.735 10.35 10.60 8.095 6.848 6.741 7.321 6.190 6.404 6.037 6.486 6.356 5.600 Finland 3.665 6.001 6.197 5.072 4.404 4.193 4.296 3.830 4.052 4.487 5.725 5.234 4.376 France 4.282 8.736 8.980 6.926 6.012 5.959 6.380 5.447 5.647 5.294 5.667 5.546 4.986 Germany 2.455 2.845 2.942 2.170 1.798 1.757 1.881 1.617 1.661 1.562 1.655 1.622 1.432 Greece 32.29 112.7 138.1 140.0 135.4 141.9 162.4 158.5 182.3 190.6 229.3 242.6 231.6 Ireland .4500 .9205 .9379 .7455 .6721 .6553 .7052 .6033 .6196 .5868 .6827 .6680 .6236 Italy 652.4 1,756 1,909 1,491 1,297 1,302 1,372 1,198 1,241 1,232 1,573 1,611 1,629 Luxembourg 36.78 57.78 59.38 44.67 37.33 36.77 39.40 33.42 34.15 32.15 34.60 33.46 29.48 Netherlands 2.523 3.208 3.318 2.448 2.026 1.978 2.122 1.822 1.872 1.759 1.858 1.819 1.604 Norway 5.214 8.160 8.593 7.398 6.741 6.524 6.913 6.254 6.491 6.214 7.098 7.055 6.336 Portugal 25.45 147.7 172.1 149.8 141.2 144.3 157.5 142.7 144.8 135.1 161.1 165.9 149.9 Spain 57.39 160.8 170.0 140.0 123.5 116.5 118.4 102.0 104.0 102.4 127.5 133.9 124.6 Sweden 4.142 8.271 8.603 7.127 6.347 6.137 6.456 5.923 6.052 5.826 7.796 7.716 7.141 Switzerland 2.581 2.350 2.455 1.798 1.492 1.464 1.637 1.390 1.436 1.406 1.478 1.367 1.181 United Kingdom .4501 .7482 .7708 .6813 .6098 .5614 .6104 .5605 .5658 .5662 .6660 .6528 .6335 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Note: National currency units are: United States, dollar; Canada, dollar; Mexico, old peso (1975-92), new peso (1993- 95); Australia, dollar; Hong Kong, dollar; India, rupee; Israel, shekel (1975-84), new shekel (1985-95); Japan, yen; Korea, won; New Zealand, dollar; Pakistan, rupee; Singapore, dollar; Sri Lanka, rupee; Taiwan, dollar; Austria, shilling; Belgium, franc; Denmark, krone; Finland, markka; France, franc; Germany, mark; Greece, drachma; Ireland, pound; Italy, lira; Luxembourg, franc; Netherlands, guilder; Norway, krone; Portugal, escudo; Spain, peseta; Sweden, krona; Switzerland, franc; Turkey, lira; United Kingdom, pound. |
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